References

Arrowsmith, A. 1795. A Map Exhibiting all of the New Discoveries in the Interior Parts of North America. Map.

Arrowsmith, A. 1824. Map of America. Map.

Biggar, H.P., (ed.). 1922-36. The Works of Samuel de Champlain. 6 vols. Toronto: The Champlain Society.

Boas, F. 1888. The Central Eskimo. Washington: Smithsonian Institution.

Brice-Bennett, C. 1977. Our Footprints are Everywhere: Inuit Land Use and Occupancy in Labrador. Nain: Labrador Inuit Association.

Burpee, L.J., (ed.). 1927. Journals and Letters of Pierre Gaultier de Varennes de La Vérendrye and his sons. Toronto: The Champlain Society.

Canada. Department of Agriculture. 1876. Census of Canada 1871. Vol. 4. Ottawa.

Canada. Public Archives of Canada. 1740. Détails des noms et la distance de chaque nation. La Vérendrye Papers, MG18B12. pp. 36-41.

Canada. Public Archives of Canada. 1810-36. Census of Records. Record Group 10. Vol. 708. Ottawa.

Canada. Public Archives of Canada. 1840-52. Census Records. Record Group 10. Vol. 747. Ottawa.

Canada. Public Archives of Canada, National Map Collection. Maps of New France dated to the period 1600 to 1660.

Canada. Public Archives of Canada, National Map Collection. Maps of New France dated to the period 1720 to 1763.

Carver, J. 1778. Travels through the interior parts of North America in the years 1766, 1767, and 1768. London: Printed for the Author and sold by J. Walter, at Charing Cross, and S. Crowder, in Pater Noster Row.

Charlevoix, P.F.X. de. 1744. Histoire et description générale de la Nouvelle France, avec le journal historique d'un voyage fait par ordre du roi dans l'Amérique Septentrionnale. 6 vols. Paris: Rollin Fils.

Clark, A.H. 1968. Acadia, The Geography of Early Nova Scotia to 1760. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.

Curtis, E.S. 1970. The North American Indian. [1907-1930] 20 vols. Reprinted. New York: Johnson Reprint.

Damas, David., (ed.). 1984. Arctic. Handbook of North American Indians, vol 5. Washington: Smithsonian Institution.

Fladmark, K.R. 1975. A Paleoecological Model for Northwest Coast Prehistory. National Museum of Man Mercury Series. Paper no. 43. Ottawa: Archaeological Survey of Canada, National Museum of Man, National Museum of Canada.

Freeman, M.M.R., (ed.). 1976. Inuit Land Use and Occupancy Project. 3 vols. Ottawa: Ministry of Supply and Services Canada.

Gordon, B.H.C. 1979. Of Men and Herds in Canadian Plains Prehistory. National Museum of Man Mercury Series. Paper no. 84. Ottawa: Archaeological Survey of Canada, National Museum of Man, National Museums of Canada.

Gosling, W.G. 1910. Labrador: Its Discovery, Exploration and Development. London: Alston Rivers.

Grant, W.L. and H.P. Biggar, (eds.). 1907-14. The History of New France. by Marc Lescarbot. 3 vols. Toronto: The Champlain Society.

Great Britain. 1969. Parliamentary Papers. [1834] Reprint. Vol. 44, Paper No. 617. Shannon, Ireland: Irish University Press.

Great Britain. 1969. Parliamentary Papers. [1839] Reprint. Vol. 12. Shannon, Ireland: Irish University Press.

Great Britain. 1969. Parliamentary Papers. [1841] Reprint. Vol. 15, Shannon, Ireland: Irish University Press.

Harris, R.C., (ed.). 1987. Historical Atlas of Canada: From the Beginning to 1800. Vol. 1. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.

Harvey, D.C. 1926. The French Regime in Prince Edward Island. New Haven: Yale University Press.

Helmer, J.W., VanDyke, S. and Kense, F.J., (eds.). 1977. Problems in the Prehistory of the North American Subarctic: The Athapascan Question. Calgary: The Archaeological Association, University of Calgary.

Helm, J. (ed.). 1981. Subarctic. Handbook of North American Indians, vol. 6. Washington: Smithsonian Institution.

Hlady, W.H., (ed.). 1970. Ten Thousand Years: Archaeology in Manitoba. Altona: Manitoba Archaeological Society.

Hodge, F.W., (ed.). 1907-10. Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico. 2 vols. Washington: Smithsonian Institution.

Horr, D.A., (ed.). 1974. Interior Salish and Eastern Washington Indians. 5 vols. New York: Garland.

Horr, D.A.., (ed.). 1974. Coast Salish and Western Washington Indians. 5 vols. New York: Garland.

Howley, J.P. 1915. The Beothucks or Red Indians. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Hudson's Bay Archives. 1818-25. District Reports-Abitibi to York Factory. Section: B1/e/2 to B239/e/3.

Hudson's Bay Archives. Maps drawn between 1815 and 1827. Maps. Winnipeg.

Hudson's Bay Archives. Censuses compiled between 1820 and 1839. Section: B/z. Winnipeg.

Keating, W.H. 1824. Narrative of an Expedition to the Source of St. Peter's River. Philadelphia: H.C. Carey and I. Lea.

Krause, A. 1956. The Tlingit Indians. [1885] Translated by C. Gunther. Seattle: University of Washington Press.

Marois, R.J.M. 1974. Les schèmes d'établissement à la fin de la préhistoire et au début de la période historique: Le sud du Québec. National Museum of Man Mercury Series. Paper no. 17. Ottawa: Archaeological Survey of Canada, National Museum of Man, National Museums of Canada.

Martijn, C.A. and Clermont, N., (eds.). 1980. The Inuit of Southern Quebec-Labrador. Études Inuit Studies. Vol. 4, Nos. 1-2, Québec: Département d'anthropologie, Université Laval.

Mason, P.P., (ed.). 1858. Schoolcrafts' Expedition to Lake Itasca. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press.

McDonald, G.F. 1983. Haida Monumental Art: Villages of the Queen Charlotte Islands. Vancouver: University of British Columbia.

McGhee, R. 1978. Canadian Arctic Prehistory. Canadian Prehistory Series. Ottawa: National Museum of Man, National Museums of Canada.

Morton, A.S. 1973. A History of the Canadian West to 1870-71. 2nd ed., L.G. Thomas. ed. Toronto: University of Toronto.

New Brunswick. 1842. Journal of the House of Assembly. 6th session. 12th General Assembly. pp. vciii-cxviii. Fredericton.

Nova Scotia. Public Archives of Nova Scotia. 1832-66. Papers Relating to Indians. Record Group 1. Vol. 431. Halifax.

Nova Scotia. Public Archives of Nova Scotia. 1842-43. Papers Relating to Indians. Record Group 1. Vol. 432. Halifax.

O'Callaghan, E.B., (ed.). 1855. Documents Relative to the Colonial History of the State of New York. Vols. 9 and 10. Albany: Weed Parsons.

Ray, A.J. 1974. Indians in the Fur Trade: their role as trappers, hunters, and middlemen in the lands southwest of Hudson Bay, 1660-1870. Toronto: University of Toronto.

Reid, C.S. 1980. Studies in West Patricia Archaeology. Archaeological Research Report no. 1. Toronto: Historical Planning and Research Branch, Ontario Ministry of Culture and Recreation.

Rich, E.E. and A.M. Johnson, (eds.). 1949. James Isham's observations on Hudson Bay, 1743, and notes on observations on a book entitled: A voyage to Hudson Bay in Dobbs Galley, 1749. London: The Hudson's Bay Record Society.

Sagard, G. 1866. Histoire du Canada et voyages que les Frères Mineurs recollects y ont faicts pour le conversion des infidèles depuis l'an 1615. Avec un dictionnaire de la langue huronne. Paris: Edwin Tross.

Thompson, D. 1813-15. A Map of Oregon Territory. Map.

Thompson, D. 1843. Untitled Map of Part of Western British North America. Map.

Thwaites, R.G. (ed.). 1896-1901. The Jesuit Relations and Allied Documents: Travels and Explorations of the Jesuit Missionaries in New France, 1610-1791. 73 vols. Cleveland: Burrows Bros. Co.

Thwaites, R.G. (ed.). 1902-08. The French Regime in Wisconsin. Vols. 16-18. Collections of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin. Madison: Wisconsin State Historical Society.

Trigger, B.G. (ed.). 1978. Northeast. Handbook of North American Indians, vol. 15. Washington: Smithsonian Institution.

Tuck, J.S. 1976. Newfoundland and Labrador Prehistory. Canadian Prehistory Series. Ottawa: National Museum of Man, National Museums of Canada.

United States, Bureau of the Census. 1960. Historical Statistics of the United States, Colonial Times to 1957. Washington, D.C., United States.

Wright, J.V. 1972. Ontario Prehistory. Canadian Prehistory Series. Ottawa: National Museum of Man, National Museums of Canada.

Wright, J.V. 1979. Quebec Prehistory. Canadian Prehistory Series. Ottawa: National Museum of Man, National Museums of Canada.

Wrong, G.M. and H.H. Langton, (eds.). 1939. The Long Journey to the Country of the Hurons by Father Gabriel Sagard. Translated by H.H. Langton. Toronto: The Champlain Society.

Web Sites

Federal Government

Canadian Heritage. Canadian Heritage Information Network. Artefacts Canada

Previously known as the National Inventories, provides access to information on millions of museum objects, natural history specimens and archaeological sites. (Artefacts Canada)

Canadian Museum of Civilization. First Peoples. The Haida

The Haida: Children of the Eagle and the Raven by Dr. George F. MacDonald.

Canadian Museum of Civilization. First Peoples. The Inuvialuit of the Western Arctic: From Ancient Times to 1902

History of the Inuvialuit of the Western Arctic.

Canadian Museum of Civilization. Virtual Museum of New France

The Virtual Museum of New France (VMNF) sponsored by the Canadian Museum of Civilization has information of that period of history in which the French explored North America and founded there the colony of New France.

Canadian Museum of Civilization. Virtual Museum of New France. People. Coureurs-de-bois

Information on the people involved in the fur trade in New France. (Canadian Museum of Civilization)

Government of Canada. Canada's Digital Collections. Aboriginal Digital Collections

Gateway to web sites of Canadian Aboriginal images and information, created by Aboriginal youth with funding from Industry Canada.

Government of Canada. Canada's Digital Collections. The Acadian Odyssey: History of Acadia

The history of Acadia and the Acadian Experience in Canada

Government of Canada. Indian Land Claims Commission

Includes information on treaties and other important Aboriginal documents.

Library and Archives Canada. Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online

Lower Canada

Part of the Federal Government's History of Canada on the Internet. (Government of Canada)

Provincial/Territorial Government

Inuit

Information on the Inuit of Labrador. (Government of Newfoundland and Labrador and Memorial University)

Location Maps of Hudson Bay Company's Posts

Interactive map of all Hudson's Bay Company Posts with related information for each post. (Manitoba Archives)

Nova Scotia Museum. Archaeology in Nova Scotia

The Nova Scotia Museum's Archaeology in Nova Scotia web site.

Post-Contact Beothuk History

History of the Beothuk post-European contact. (Government of Newfoundland and Labrador and Memorial University)

The Boyd's Cove Beothuk Site

Archaeological site in Newfoundland. (Government of Newfoundland and Labrador and Memorial University)

The Mi'kmaq (Micmac)

Information on the Micmac. (Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage)

Municipal Government

The Beaver

History of the beaver as a form of currency of the Fur trade. (City of Edmonton, Alberta)

Other

1755 - The French and Indian War

This site is dedicated to the French Soldiers who came to New France between 1755 and 1760 to fight in the French and Indian War. This conflict was fought, in the most part, in the Lake George, Lake Champlain region of New York, at Québec (City), and at Montréal.

Aboriginal Languages of Canada

Information on Aboriginal Languages from ETHNOLOGUE: Languages of the World, Thirteenth Edition.

Aboriginal Links (Aboriginal Canada Network)

A History of the Northwest Coast

First person accounts from the European/Indian contact period on the NW Coast. (by Bruce Hallam)

Algonquin

History of the Algonquin. (Compact Histories of Native Tribes of the U.S. and Canada)

An Introduction of Ojibwa Culture and History

Written by Kevin Callahan. (University of Minnesota)

Canadian Heritage Gallery

The Canadian Heritage Gallery is a very extensive collection of historical Canadiana on the Internet.

Compact Histories of Native Tribes of the US and Canada

When completed these "histories" will encompass approximately 240 tribal histories (from contact to 1900). They include histories of many Canadian Aboriginal Peoples.

Dakota

Information on Dakota culture and history. (University of Minnesota)

Fox

History of the Fox. (Compact Histories of Native Tribes of the U.S. and Canada)

Gouvernement de la France. Ministère de la culture et de la communication. La Nouvelle France (available only in French)

The history of New France. The site is sponsored by the Government of France.

Gros Ventre

Short history of the Gros Ventre. (The Gros Ventre of Montana)

Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump Interpretive Centre. Blackfoot History

Brief history of the Blackfoot.

Historical Atlas of Canada Online Learning Project

This site is still under development but promises to be an excellent site for historical maps of Canada. All maps shown on the site have been adapted from the printed version of three-volume Historical Atlas of Canada.

Huron

History of the Huron. (Compact Histories of Native Tribes of the U.S. and Canada)

Iroquois

History of the Iroquois. (Compact Histories of Native Tribes of the U.S. and Canada)

Memorial University of Newfoundland. Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage. Aboriginal Peoples. Beothuk

History of the Beothuk (Government of Newfoundland and Labrador and Memorial University)

Miami

History of the Miami. (Compact Histories of Native Tribes of the U.S. and Canada)

Montagnais

History of the Montagnais. (Compact Histories of Native Tribes of the U.S. and Canada)

Native Peoples of Minnesota: Dakota

History of the Dakota. (Minnesota State University, Mankota)

Ojibwa

History of the Ojibwa. (Compact Histories of Native Tribes of the U.S. and Canada)

Oneida

Brief history of the Oneida Indians. (Oneida Indian Nations)

Ottawa

History of the Ottawa. (Compact Histories of Native Tribes of the U.S. and Canada)

Outline of American History: The Dutch in North America

A history of the Dutch in North America. (The American Revolution - an .HTML project)

Pemmican

Information on the trade of pemmican in the western interior. (The Métis Nation)

Petun

Information on the Petun from the Petun Research Institute (University of Kansas)

Public Broadcasting Service. Lewis and Clark. Assiniboin

Brief history of the Assiniboin.

Royal Ontario Museum. Homes of the Past. The Archaeology of an Iroquoian Longhouse

Description of Iroquoian settlement in the Eastern Woodlands of Ontario. (Royal Ontario Museum)

Salishan

Information on the Coast Salish Nation. (Maltwood Museum, University of Victoria)

Six Nations of the Grand River Reserve

Brief history of the Six Nations. (McMaster University)

The Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions (CIHM)

The Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions (CIHM) was established in 1978 to locate early printed Canadian materials (books, annuals, and periodicals), to preserve their content on microfilm, and make the resulting Early Canadian Research Collection available to libraries and archives in Canada and abroad.

The Fur Trade - The Hudson's Bay Company and Northwest Company

Concise history of the two rival trading companies. (The Metis Nation)

The Hudson's Bay Company Archives

The HBCA offers a wealth of information on the human and natural history of western and northern Canada and the western USA. Whether you are an historian, genealogist, ethnologist, environmental scientist or land claims researcher, the HBCA may be able to help.

The Iroquois Wars

Background information on the Iroquois Wars. (The Illini Confederation)

The Provincial Museum of Newfoundland and Labrador. Publications. Museum Notes. The Beothuks

Further information on the Beothuk by Dr. Pastore. (Memorial University)

University of Manitoba. Department of Anthropology. Manitoba Archaeological Society. Manitoba Culture History

The archaeological history of Manitoba, sponsored by the Manitoba Archaelogical Society.

University of Manitoba. Department of Anthropology. Manitoba Archaeological Society. Manitoba Culture History. Terminal Woodland Period. Blackduck Phase

History of the Blackduck Phase of the Terminal Woodland.

University of Waterloo. Faculty of Arts. Department of Anthropology. Archaeology in Arctic North America

Site includes information on Thule and Dorset Culture. (University of Waterloo, Ontario)

University of Western Ontario. Faculty of Social Science. Association of Canadian Map Libraries and Archives (ACMLA)

ACMLA actively serves as the representative professional group for Canadian map librarians, cartographic archivists and others interested in geographic information in all formats.

University of Western Ontario. London Museum of Archaeology

The London Museum of Archaeology is a unique Canadian museum devoted to the study, display, and interpretation of the human occupation of Southwestern Ontario over the past 11,000 years.

Winnebago History

History of the Winnebago. (Compact Histories of Native Tribes of the U.S. and Canada)

Wyandot

Information on the Wyandot nations of Kansas. (Wyandot Nation of Kansas)