Go to The Atlas of Canada Web site located at atlas.gc.ca and click on the English button. Complete the following activities to help you retrieve and record information on Indian Treaties in Manitoba.

1. You will need two maps to complete the questions in this section.

a. Go to the Explore Our Maps section. Move your cursor over History which will cause a pop-out menu to appear. Move your cursor over and click Historical Indian Treaties. On the new page that appears, click on the Historical Indian Treaties Map link. Once the map appears, click once on the part of the map that is present-day Manitoba. This will cause the map to zoom in to Manitoba. Print the map.

b. Go to the Explore Our Maps section. Move your cursor over Reference Maps which will cause a pop-out menu to appear. Move your cursor over and click Provincial and Territorial Outline. On the new page that appears, click on the Manitoba with Names Map link. Above the upper left corner of the map click Printable Version. Print the map.

c. According to the Indian Treaties Map, how many treaties were signed with Aboriginal peoples in Manitoba?

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d. Using your printed Indian Treaties Map as a reference, draw and number the treaty boundaries on your outline map of Manitoba. Locate and label your own town or city.

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e. Which treaty region do you live in?

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f. In your opinion, which treaty region has the most people living in it today?

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g. In your opinion, which treaty region has the least people living in it?

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2. Above the online Indian Treaties map, you can see the Get Info from Map feature. You are now going to use the Get Info from Map feature to retrieve information about each treaty area. You will record your collected information on the chart below. Here are the steps to follow for Treaty 1. Repeat these steps for each treaty region:

a. Move your cursor over the Get Info from Map feature and click once.

b. Move your cursor to the part of the map showing Treaty 1 and click. A pop-out box will appear giving you statistics for that area. Fill in the statistics for the first three columns of the table that appears on the next page.

[D]
Click for more information, 6 KB
Indian Treaty Organizer

3. For one of the numbered treaties, click on the Treaty Text link in the small pop-out link and read the actual treaty that was signed. In point form, what do you think of the treaty (for example, language, promises and historical value)?

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4. Between what years were the numbered treaties in Manitoba signed?

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5. What other events have you heard of or learned about that happened in Canada and Manitoba around the same time period?

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Teacher Tips:

• 1867 – Confederation
• 1870 – Rupert’s Land is purchased from the Hudson’s Bay Company by the government of Canada.
• early 1870s – loss of the bison herds on the prairies
• 1870 – Manitoba joins Confederation
• 1871 – British Columbia joins Confederation, with the promise of a completed transcontinental railway within 10 years
• 1872 – Dominion Lands Act; provided new settlers with land
• 1873 – Northwest Mounted Police created
• 1873 – Prince Edward Island joins Confederation
• 1875 – The Indian Act defines the special status and land regulations of Aboriginal peoples who live on reservations

6. How could the events you listed in Question 5 have led to the signing of treaties between the Canadian government and Aboriginal peoples?

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7. Go to the Explore Our Maps section on the left side of the screen. Move your cursor over People & Society which will cause pop-out menu to appear. Move your cursor over Aboriginal Population and click. On the new page that appears, click on the Percentage of Aboriginal Population by Census Division, 1996 Map link. Once the map appears, click once on the part of the map that is present-day Manitoba. This will cause the map to zoom in. Print the map.

8. Using the treaty boundaries you drew on your outline map of Manitoba and the information shown on the Percentage of Aboriginal People by Census Division, 1996 Map; use the legend to estimate the percent of Aboriginal people living in each treaty area today. Record your estimates in the fourth column of your Indian Treaty Organizer in Question 2.

9. Using the Percentage of Aboriginal Population by Census Division, 1996 Map answer the following questions:

a. Which area of Manitoba (north, central, south) has the highest percentage of Aboriginal People by census division?

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b. Which area of Manitoba (north, central, south) has the lowest percentage of Aboriginal People by census division?

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c. Why do you think that some areas of Manitoba have a much greater percentage of Aboriginal people than others?

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d. Write a statement that summarizes the current Aboriginal population distribution (where people live) in Manitoba. Be sure to also include the historical treaty region.

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