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References and Links

References and Links has information on the map sources, bibliographic references and links to related Web sites.

List of References and Links:

Map Sources
References
Web Sites

Map Sources

The Atlas maps are composed of several layers of which there are two broad categories: thematic and base layers. Find below a description of each of the map layers. The layer source is included in the metadata.

Thematic Map Layers

Distribution of Ethnohistorical Societies circa 1823: The location of the ethnohistorical societies was determined primarily through nineteenth century written accounts and maps. Natural Resources Canada. 1990. Canada-Native Peoples 1823 [map]. Fifth Edition, National Atlas of Canada.

Extent of Areas Known to Europeans circa 1823: The approximate extent of the areas known to census takers. Most of the census data is from a census ordered by the Governor and Committee of the Hudson's Bay Company in 1822. Areas outside represent the extent of areas unknown to Europeans. Natural Resources Canada. 1990. Canada-Native Peoples 1823 [map]. Fifth Edition, National Atlas of Canada.

Major Linguistic Families circa 1823: The major linguistic families are mapped using graduated circles to represent their estimated population circa 1823. Their location was determined primarily through nineteenth century written accounts and maps. Natural Resources Canada. 1990. Canada-Native Peoples 1823 [map]. Fifth Edition, National Atlas of Canada.

Base Map Layers

Atlas of Canada Framework Layers: Base map components are features that provide a geographic context for the thematic data shown on Atlas of Canada maps. These features include rivers, lakes, administrative boundaries, populated places, roads and rail lines. All of the Atlas of Canada base map components are available for immediate free download in five scales and in a number of data exchange formats. The 1:7 500 000 and the 1:1 000 000 scale data are the primary base frameworks used for all Atlas of Canada 6th Edition online maps. You can download Atlas of Canada data from this Web page on GeoGratis.

References

Arrowsmith, A. 1795. A Map Exhibiting all of the New Discoveries in the Interior Parts of North America. Map.

Arrowsmith, A. 1824. Map of America. Map.

Boas, F. 1888. The Central Eskimo. Washington: Smithsonian Institution.

Brice-Bennett, C. 1977. Our Footprints are Everywhere: Inuit Land Use and Occupancy in Labrador. Nain: Labrador Inuit Association.

Canada. Public Archives of Canada. 1810-36. Census of Records. Record Group 10. Vol. 708. Ottawa.

Canada. Public Archives of Canada. 1840-52. Census Records. Record Group 10. Vol. 747. Ottawa.

Curtis, E.S. 1970. The North American Indian. [1907-1930] 20 vols. Reprinted. New York: Johnson Reprint.

Damas, David., (ed.). 1984. Arctic. Handbook of North American Indians, vol 5. Washington: Smithsonian Institution.

Freeman, M.M.R., (ed.). 1976. Inuit Land Use and Occupancy Project. 3 vols. Ottawa: Ministry of Supply and Services Canada.

Gosling, W.G. 1910. Labrador: Its Discovery, Exploration and Development. London: Alston Rivers.

Great Britain. 1969. Parliamentary Papers. [1834] Reprint. Vol. 44, Paper No. 617. Shannon, Ireland: Irish University Press.

Great Britain. 1969. Parliamentary Papers. [1839] Reprint. Vol. 12. Shannon, Ireland: Irish University Press.

Great Britain. 1969. Parliamentary Papers. [1841] Reprint. Vol. 15, Shannon, Ireland: Irish University Press.

Harris, R.C., (ed.). 1987. Historical Atlas of Canada: From the Beginning to 1800. Vol. 1. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.

Hodge, F.W., (ed.). 1907-10. Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico. 2 vols. Washington: Smithsonian Institution.

Horr, D.A., (ed.). 1974. Interior Salish and Eastern Washington Indians. 5 vols. New York: Garland.

Horr, D.A.., (ed.). 1974. Coast Salish and Western Washington Indians. 5 vols. New York: Garland.

Howley, J.P. 1915. The Beothucks or Red Indians. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Hudson's Bay Archives. 1818-25. District Reports-Abitibi to York Factory. Section: B1/e/2 to B239/e/3.

Hudson's Bay Archives. Maps drawn between 1815 and 1827. Maps. Winnipeg.

Hudson's Bay Archives. Censuses compiled between 1820 and 1839. Section: B/z. Winnipeg.

Keating, W.H. 1824. Narrative of an Expedition to the Source of St. Peter's River. Philadelphia: H.C. Carey and I. Lea.

Krause, A. 1956. The Tlingit Indians. [1885] Translated by C. Gunther. Seattle: University of Washington Press.

Mason, P.P., (ed.). 1858. Schoolcrafts' Expedition to Lake Itasca. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press.

McDonald, G.F. 1983. Haida Monumental Art: Villages of the Queen Charlotte Islands. Vancouver: University of British Columbia.

New Brunswick. 1842. Journal of the House of Assembly. 6th session. 12th General Assembly. pp. vciii-cxviii. Fredericton.

Nova Scotia. Public Archives of Nova Scotia. 1832-66. Papers Relating to Indians. Record Group 1. Vol. 431. Halifax.

Nova Scotia. Public Archives of Nova Scotia. 1842-43. Papers Relating to Indians. Record Group 1. Vol. 432. Halifax.

Thompson, D. 1813-15. A Map of Oregon Territory. Map.

Thompson, D. 1843. Untitled Map of Part of Western British North America. Map.

Trigger, B.G. (ed.). 1978. Northeast. Handbook of North American Indians, vol. 15. Washington: Smithsonian Institution.

Web Sites

Federal Government

Canadian Heritage. Canadian Heritage Information Network. Artefacts Canada: Previously known as the National Inventories, provides access to information on millions of museum objects, natural history specimens and archaeological sites. (Artefacts Canada)

Canadian Museum of Civilization. First Peoples. The Haida: The Haida: Children of the Eagle and the Raven by Dr. George F. MacDonald.

Canadian Museum of Civilization. First Peoples. The Inuvialuit of the Western Arctic: From Ancient Times to 1902: History of the Inuvialuit of the Western Arctic.

Canadian Museum of Civilization. Virtual Museum of New France: The Virtual Museum of New France (VMNF) sponsored by the Canadian Museum of Civilization has information of that period of history in which the French explored North America and founded there the colony of New France.

Canadian Museum of Civilization. Virtual Museum of New France. People. Coureurs-de-bois: Information on the people involved in the fur trade in New France. (Canadian Museum of Civilization)

Government of Canada. Canada's Digital Collections. Aboriginal Digital Collections: Gateway to web sites of Canadian Aboriginal images and information, created by Aboriginal youth with funding from Industry Canada.

Government of Canada. Canada's Digital Collections. The Acadian Odyssey: History of Acadia: The history of Acadia and the Acadian Experience in Canada

Government of Canada. Indian Land Claims Commission: Includes information on treaties and other important Aboriginal documents.

Library and Archives Canada. Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online

Lower Canada: Part of the Federal Government's History of Canada on the Internet. (Government of Canada)

Provincial/Territorial Government

Inuit: Information on the Inuit of Labrador. (Government of Newfoundland and Labrador and Memorial University)

Location Maps of Hudson Bay Company's Posts: Interactive map of all Hudson's Bay Company Posts with related information for each post. (Manitoba Archives)

Nova Scotia Museum. Archaeology in Nova Scotia: The Nova Scotia Museum's Archaeology in Nova Scotia web site.

Post-Contact Beothuk History: History of the Beothuk post-European contact. (Government of Newfoundland and Labrador and Memorial University)

The Boyd's Cove Beothuk Site: Archaeological site in Newfoundland. (Government of Newfoundland and Labrador and Memorial University)

The Mi'kmaq (Micmac): Information on the Micmac. (Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage)

Municipal Government

The Beaver: History of the beaver as a form of currency of the Fur trade. (City of Edmonton, Alberta)

Other

1755 - The French and Indian War: This site is dedicated to the French Soldiers who came to New France between 1755 and 1760 to fight in the French and Indian War. This conflict was fought, in the most part, in the Lake George, Lake Champlain region of New York, at Québec (City), and at Montréal.

Aboriginal Languages of Canada: Information on Aboriginal Languages from ETHNOLOGUE: Languages of the World, Thirteenth Edition.

Aboriginal Links (Aboriginal Canada Network)

A History of the Northwest Coast: First person accounts from the European/Indian contact period on the NW Coast. (by Bruce Hallam)

Algonquin: History of the Algonquin. (Compact Histories of Native Tribes of the U.S. and Canada)

An Introduction of Ojibwa Culture and History: Written by Kevin Callahan. (University of Minnesota)

Canadian Heritage Gallery: The Canadian Heritage Gallery is a very extensive collection of historical Canadiana on the Internet.

Compact Histories of Native Tribes of the US and Canada: When completed these "histories" will encompass approximately 240 tribal histories (from contact to 1900). They include histories of many Canadian Aboriginal Peoples.

Dakota: Information on Dakota culture and history. (University of Minnesota)

Fox: History of the Fox. (Compact Histories of Native Tribes of the U.S. and Canada)

Gouvernement de la France. Ministère de la culture et de la communication. La Nouvelle France (available only in French): The history of New France. The site is sponsored by the Government of France.

Gros Ventre: Short history of the Gros Ventre. (The Gros Ventre of Montana)

Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump Interpretive Centre. Blackfoot History: Brief history of the Blackfoot.

Historical Atlas of Canada Online Learning Project: This site is still under development but promises to be an excellent site for historical maps of Canada. All maps shown on the site have been adapted from the printed version of three-volume Historical Atlas of Canada.

Huron: History of the Huron. (Compact Histories of Native Tribes of the U.S. and Canada)

Iroquois: History of the Iroquois. (Compact Histories of Native Tribes of the U.S. and Canada)

Memorial University of Newfoundland. Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage. Aboriginal Peoples. Beothuk: History of the Beothuk (Government of Newfoundland and Labrador and Memorial University)

Miami: History of the Miami. (Compact Histories of Native Tribes of the U.S. and Canada)

Montagnais: History of the Montagnais. (Compact Histories of Native Tribes of the U.S. and Canada)

Native Peoples of Minnesota: Dakota: History of the Dakota. (Minnesota State University, Mankota)

Ojibwa: History of the Ojibwa. (Compact Histories of Native Tribes of the U.S. and Canada)

Oneida: Brief history of the Oneida Indians. (Oneida Indian Nations)

Ottawa: History of the Ottawa. (Compact Histories of Native Tribes of the U.S. and Canada)

Outline of American History: The Dutch in North America: A history of the Dutch in North America. (The American Revolution - an .HTML project)

Pemmican: Information on the trade of pemmican in the western interior. (The Métis Nation)

Petun: Information on the Petun from the Petun Research Institute (University of Kansas)

Public Broadcasting Service. Lewis and Clark. Assiniboin: Brief history of the Assiniboin.

Royal Ontario Museum. Homes of the Past. The Archaeology of an Iroquoian Longhouse: Description of Iroquoian settlement in the Eastern Woodlands of Ontario. (Royal Ontario Museum)

Salishan: Information on the Coast Salish Nation. (Maltwood Museum, University of Victoria)

Six Nations of the Grand River Reserve: Brief history of the Six Nations. (McMaster University)

The Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions (CIHM): The Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions (CIHM) was established in 1978 to locate early printed Canadian materials (books, annuals, and periodicals), to preserve their content on microfilm, and make the resulting Early Canadian Research Collection available to libraries and archives in Canada and abroad.

The Fur Trade - The Hudson's Bay Company and Northwest Company: Concise history of the two rival trading companies. (The Metis Nation)

The Hudson's Bay Company Archives: The HBCA offers a wealth of information on the human and natural history of western and northern Canada and the western USA. Whether you are an historian, genealogist, ethnologist, environmental scientist or land claims researcher, the HBCA may be able to help.

The Iroquois Wars: Background information on the Iroquois Wars. (The Illini Confederation)

The Provincial Museum of Newfoundland and Labrador. Publications. Museum Notes. The Beothuks: Further information on the Beothuk by Dr. Pastore. (Memorial University)

University of Manitoba. Department of Anthropology. Manitoba Archaeological Society. Manitoba Culture History: The archaeological history of Manitoba, sponsored by the Manitoba Archaelogical Society.

University of Manitoba. Department of Anthropology. Manitoba Archaeological Society. Manitoba Culture History. Terminal Woodland Period. Blackduck Phase: History of the Blackduck Phase of the Terminal Woodland.

University of Waterloo. Faculty of Arts. Department of Anthropology. Archaeology in Arctic North America: Site includes information on Thule and Dorset Culture. (University of Waterloo, Ontario)

University of Western Ontario. Faculty of Social Science. Association of Canadian Map Libraries and Archives (ACMLA): ACMLA actively serves as the representative professional group for Canadian map librarians, cartographic archivists and others interested in geographic information in all formats.

University of Western Ontario. London Museum of Archaeology: The London Museum of Archaeology is a unique Canadian museum devoted to the study, display, and interpretation of the human occupation of Southwestern Ontario over the past 11,000 years.

Winnebago History: History of the Winnebago. (Compact Histories of Native Tribes of the U.S. and Canada)

Wyandot: Information on the Wyandot nations of Kansas. (Wyandot Nation of Kansas)