Map Sources

The Atlas maps are composed of several layers of which there are two broad categories: thematic and base layers. Find below a description of each of the map layers. The layer source is included in the metadata.

Thematic Map Layers

Exploration 1497 to 1650

Natural Resources Canada. 1991. Canada-Exploration 1497 to 1650 [map]. Fifth Edition, National Atlas of Canada.

Base Map Layers

Atlas of Canada Framework Layers

Base map components are features that provide a geographic context for the thematic data shown on Atlas of Canada maps. These features include rivers, lakes, administrative boundaries, populated places, roads and rail lines. All of the Atlas of Canada base map components are available for immediate free download in five scales and in a number of data exchange formats. The 1:7 500 000 and the 1:1 000 000 scale data are the primary base frameworks used for all Atlas of Canada 6th Edition online maps. You can download Atlas of Canada data from this Web page on GeoGratis.

References

Asher, G.M. 1860. Henry Hudson, The Navigator: The Original Documents in Which His Career is Recorded. 1st series. Vol. 28. London: Hakluyt Society.

Biggar, H.P., (ed.). 1922-36. The Works of Samuel de Champlain. 6 vols. Toronto: The Champlain Society.

Biggar, H.P., (ed.). 1911. The Precursors of Jacques Cartier 1497-1534: A Collection of Documents Relating to the Early History of the Dominion of Canada. Ottawa: Public Archives of Canada Publications.

Biggar, H.P., (ed.). 1924. The Voyages of Jacque Cartier. Ottawa: Public Archives of Canada Publications.

Biggar, H.P., (ed.). 1930. A Collection of Documents Relating to Jacques Cartier and the Sieur de Roberval. Ottawa: Public Archives of Canada.

Brown, G.W. et al., (eds.). 1966. Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol.1, 1000-1700. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.

Champlain, S. De. 1870. Oeuvres de Champlain. Québec: C.-H. Laverdière.

Christy, M., (ed.). 1894. The Voyages of Captain Luke Fox of Hull, and Captain Thomas James of Bristol, In Search of a Northwest Passage, in 1631-32. 1st series. Vols. 88, 89. London: Hakluyt Society.

Collinson, R., (ed.). 1867. The Three Voyages of Martin Frobisher in Search of a Passage to Cathaia and India by the Northwest, A.D. 1576-78. 1st series. Vol. 38. London: Hakluyt Society.

Cooke, A. and C. Holland. 1978. The Exploration of Northern Canada, 500 to 1920, A Chronology. Toronto: Arctic History Press.

Cumming, W.P., et al. 1971. The Discovery of North America. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart.

Cumming, W.P., et al. 1974. The Exploration of North America, 1630-1776. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart.

Ganong, W.F. 1964. Crucial Maps in the Early Cartography and Place-Nomenclature of the Atlantic Coast of Canada. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.

Hakluyt, R. 1903-05. The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques and Discoveries of the English Nation. Extra series. Vol. 8. London: Hakluyt Society.

Hakluyt, R. 1892. The Discovery of North America: A Critical Documentary and Historic Investigation. London: H. Stevens and Son.

Harisse, H. 1900. Découverte Et Évolution Cartographique De Terre-Neuve Et Des Pays Circonvoisins, 1497-1500. Paris and London.

Hayne, D. M. and A. Vachon, (eds.). 1969. Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol, 2, 1701-1740. Toronto: University of Toronto, Press.

Heidenreich, C.E. 1976. Explorations and Mapping of Samuel de Champlain, 1603-1632. Toronto: Cartographica Monograph No. 17.

Heidenreich, C.E. 1980. Mapping the Great Lakes: The Period of Exploration, 1603-1700. Cartographica 17(3):32-64.

Hoffman, B.G. 1961. Cabot to Cartier: Sources for a Historical Ethnography of Northeastern North America, 1497-1550. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.

Layng, T.E. 1956. Sixteenth-Century Maps Relating to Canada: A Check-List and Bibliography. Ottawa: Public Archives of Canada.

LeClercq, C. 1881. The First Establishment of the Faith in New France. Translated by J.G. Shea. 2 vols. New York: J.G. Shea.

Markham, C.R. (ed.). 1880. The Voyages and Works of John Davis, the Navigator. 1st series. Vol. 59. London: Hakluyt Society.

Markham, C.R. (ed.). 1881. The Voyages of William Baffin, 1612-1622. 1st series. Vol. 63. London: Hakluyt Society.

Morison, S.E. 1971. The European Discovery of America: The Northern Voyages, A.D. 500-1600. New York: Oxford University Press.

Murphy, H.C. 1875. The Voyages of Verrazzano: A Chapter in the Early History of Maritime Discovery in America. New York: J. Munsell.

Purchas, S. 1905-07. Hakluytus Posthumus or Purchas His Pilgrimes. Extra series. Vol. 14. London: Hakluyt Society.

Quinn, D.B. 1962. The Voyage of Étienne Bellenger to the Maritimes in 1583: A New Document. Canadian Historical Review. Vol. 43:328-48.

Quinn, D.B. 1977. North America from Earliest Discovery to First Settlements: Norse Voyages to 1612. New York: Harper and Row.

Quinn, D.B. 1979. New American World: A Documentary History of North America to 1612. 5 vols. New York: Arno Press and Hector Bye, Inc.

Sagard, G. 1636. Histoire du Canada. Paris: Claude Sonnius.

Thwaites, R.G. (ed.). 1896-1901. The Jesuit Relations and Allied Documents: Travels and Explorations of the Jesuit Missionaries in New France, 1610-1791. 73 vols. Cleveland: Burrows Bros. Co.

Trudel, M. 1973. The Beginnings of New France, 1524-1663. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart.

Williamson, J.A. 1962. The Cabot Voyages and Bristol Discovery Under Henry VII. 2nd series. Vol. 120. London: Hakluyt Society.

Wrong, G.M. and H.H. Langton, (eds.). 1939. The Long Journey to the Country of the Hurons by Father Gabriel Sagard. Translated by H.H. Langton. Toronto: The Champlain Society.

Web Sites

Federal Government

Canadian Museum of Civilization. History. Inuit and Englishmen: The Nunavut Voyages of Martin Frobisher

A Canadian Museum and Civilization virtual museum Web site that explores Martin Frobisher's exploration of the Arctic.

Canadian Museum of Civilization. Virtual Museum of New France

The Virtual Museum of New France (VMNF) sponsored by the Canadian Museum of Civilization has information of that period of history in which the French explored North America and founded there the colony of New France.

Canadian Museum of Civilization. Virtual Museum of New France. Explorers

Government of Canada. Canada's Digital Collections. Canadian Arctic Profiles. Exploration of the Northwest Passage

This Web site provides information on a variety of topics relating to the Canadian Arctic and includes information on exploration in the Arctic.

Library and Archives Canada. Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online

The History Makers: Exploration

A listing of all the available National Film Board presentations on Canada's well-known explorers, including Samuel de Champlain and John Cabot. Many of the films may be available from local libraries or obtained via inter-library loan.

Provincial/Territorial Government

Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage Web site. Exploration and Settlement

The history of exploration in Newfoundland and the Labrador coast through the centuries.

Other

Canadian Heritage Gallery

The Canadian Heritage Gallery is a very extensive collection of historical Canadiana on the Internet.

Discovers Web Page

This site has hundreds of related exploration links, including many links to Canadian explorers. (Web site author: Andre Engels)

Gabriel Druillettes

Brief biography of Gabriel Druillettes from the online Catholic Encyclopaedia. (New Advent Web site)

Great Canadian Explorers

Information on several great Canadian explorers, including John Cabot, Jacques Cartier, Samuel de Champlain, Henry Kelsey, James Knight and La Vérendrye. (Centre for Canadian Studies at Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick)

Guillaume Couture (available in French only)

Brief biography of Guillaume Couture, from Luc Trépanier, The Great Families.

Historical Atlas of Canada Online Learning Project

This site is still under development but promises to be an excellent site for historical maps of Canada. All maps shown on the site have been adapted from the printed version of three-volume Historical Atlas of Canada.

The Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions (CIHM)

The Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions (CIHM) was established in 1978 to locate early printed Canadian materials (books, annuals, and periodicals), to preserve their content on microfilm, and make the resulting Early Canadian Research Collection available to libraries and archives in Canada and abroad.

The Hudson's Bay Company Archives

The HBCA offers a wealth of information on the human and natural history of western and northern Canada and the western USA. Whether you are an historian, genealogist, ethnologist, environmental scientist or land claims researcher, the HBCA may be able to help.